Checking Results

After creating or receiving a Result, you need to determine whether it's a success or failure before accessing its contents. This section covers the type guard functions that help you do this safely.

Checking for Success with `isSuccess`

The isSuccess function is a type guard that checks if a Result is a Success:

import { import ResultResult } from '@praha/byethrow';

const const result: Result.Result<number, string>result: import ResultResult.type Result<T, E> = Result.Success<T> | Result.Failure<E>A union type representing either a success or a failure.
@typeParamT  - The type of the Success value.@typeParamE  - The type of the Failure value.@exampleimport { Result } from '@praha/byethrow';

const doSomething = (): Result.Result<number, string> => {
  return Math.random() > 0.5
    ? { type: 'Success', value: 10 }
    : { type: 'Failure', error: 'Oops' };
};
@categoryCore  TypesResult<number, string> = import ResultResult.const succeed: <42>(value: 42) => Result.Result<42, never> (+1 overload)succeed(42);

if (import ResultResult.const isSuccess: <number>(result: Result.Result<number, unknown>) => result is Result.Success<number>Type guard to check if a
Result
is a
Success
.
@function@typeParamT  - The type of the success value.@paramresult  - The Result to check.@returnstrue if the result is a Success, otherwise false.@exampleimport { Result } from '@praha/byethrow';

const result: Result.Result<number, string> = { type: 'Success', value: 10 };
if (Result.isSuccess(result)) {
  console.log(result.value); // Safe access to value
}
@categoryType  GuardsisSuccess(const result: Result.Result<number, string>result)) {
  // TypeScript knows result is Success<number> here
  var console: ConsoleThe console module provides a simple debugging console that is similar to the
JavaScript console mechanism provided by web browsers.
The module exports two specific components:

A Console class with methods such as console.log(), console.error() and console.warn() that can be used to write to any Node.js stream.
A global console instance configured to write to process.stdout and
process.stderr. The global console can be used without importing the node:console module.

Warning: The global console object's methods are neither consistently
synchronous like the browser APIs they resemble, nor are they consistently
asynchronous like all other Node.js streams. See the note on process I/O for
more information.
Example using the global console:
console.log('hello world');
// Prints: hello world, to stdout
console.log('hello %s', 'world');
// Prints: hello world, to stdout
console.error(new Error('Whoops, something bad happened'));
// Prints error message and stack trace to stderr:
//   Error: Whoops, something bad happened
//     at [eval]:5:15
//     at Script.runInThisContext (node:vm:132:18)
//     at Object.runInThisContext (node:vm:309:38)
//     at node:internal/process/execution:77:19
//     at [eval]-wrapper:6:22
//     at evalScript (node:internal/process/execution:76:60)
//     at node:internal/main/eval_string:23:3

const name = 'Will Robinson';
console.warn(`Danger ${name}! Danger!`);
// Prints: Danger Will Robinson! Danger!, to stderr

Example using the Console class:
const out = getStreamSomehow();
const err = getStreamSomehow();
const myConsole = new console.Console(out, err);

myConsole.log('hello world');
// Prints: hello world, to out
myConsole.log('hello %s', 'world');
// Prints: hello world, to out
myConsole.error(new Error('Whoops, something bad happened'));
// Prints: [Error: Whoops, something bad happened], to err

const name = 'Will Robinson';
myConsole.warn(`Danger ${name}! Danger!`);
// Prints: Danger Will Robinson! Danger!, to err
@seesourceconsole.Console.log(message?: any, ...optionalParams: any[]): void (+1 overload)Prints to stdout with newline. Multiple arguments can be passed, with the
first used as the primary message and all additional used as substitution
values similar to printf(3)
(the arguments are all passed to util.format()).
const count = 5;
console.log('count: %d', count);
// Prints: count: 5, to stdout
console.log('count:', count);
// Prints: count: 5, to stdout

See util.format() for more information.
@sincev0 .1.100log(const result: Result.Success<number>result.value: numbervalue); // 42
}

Type Narrowing

The power of isSuccess is that it narrows the type, giving you safe access to the value property:

import { import ResultResult } from '@praha/byethrow';

const const processResult: (result: Result.Result<string, Error>) => stringprocessResult = (result: Result.Result<string, Error>result: import ResultResult.type Result<T, E> = Result.Success<T> | Result.Failure<E>A union type representing either a success or a failure.
@typeParamT  - The type of the Success value.@typeParamE  - The type of the Failure value.@exampleimport { Result } from '@praha/byethrow';

const doSomething = (): Result.Result<number, string> => {
  return Math.random() > 0.5
    ? { type: 'Success', value: 10 }
    : { type: 'Failure', error: 'Oops' };
};
@categoryCore  TypesResult<string, Error>) => {
  if (import ResultResult.const isSuccess: <string>(result: Result.Result<string, unknown>) => result is Result.Success<string>Type guard to check if a
Result
is a
Success
.
@function@typeParamT  - The type of the success value.@paramresult  - The Result to check.@returnstrue if the result is a Success, otherwise false.@exampleimport { Result } from '@praha/byethrow';

const result: Result.Result<number, string> = { type: 'Success', value: 10 };
if (Result.isSuccess(result)) {
  console.log(result.value); // Safe access to value
}
@categoryType  GuardsisSuccess(result: Result.Result<string, Error>result)) {
    // ✅ TypeScript knows `value` exists
    return result: Result.Success<string>result.value: stringvalue.String.toUpperCase(): stringConverts all the alphabetic characters in a string to uppercase.toUpperCase();
  }
  // ✅ TypeScript knows `error` exists here
  return `Error: ${result: Result.Failure<Error>result.error: Errorerror.Error.message: stringmessage}`;
};

Checking for Failure with `isFailure`

The isFailure function is the opposite—it checks if a Result is a Failure:

import { import ResultResult } from '@praha/byethrow';

const const result: Result.Result<number, string>result: import ResultResult.type Result<T, E> = Result.Success<T> | Result.Failure<E>A union type representing either a success or a failure.
@typeParamT  - The type of the Success value.@typeParamE  - The type of the Failure value.@exampleimport { Result } from '@praha/byethrow';

const doSomething = (): Result.Result<number, string> => {
  return Math.random() > 0.5
    ? { type: 'Success', value: 10 }
    : { type: 'Failure', error: 'Oops' };
};
@categoryCore  TypesResult<number, string> = import ResultResult.const fail: <"Something went wrong">(error: "Something went wrong") => Result.Result<never, "Something went wrong"> (+1 overload)fail('Something went wrong');

if (import ResultResult.const isFailure: <string>(result: Result.Result<unknown, string>) => result is Result.Failure<string>Type guard to check if a
Result
is a
Failure
.
@function@typeParamE  - The type of the error value.@paramresult  - The Result to check.@returnstrue if the result is a Failure, otherwise false.@exampleimport { Result } from '@praha/byethrow';

const result: Result.Result<number, string> = { type: 'Failure', error: 'Something went wrong' };
if (Result.isFailure(result)) {
  console.error(result.error); // Safe access to error
}
@categoryType  GuardsisFailure(const result: Result.Result<number, string>result)) {
  // TypeScript knows result is Failure<string> here
  var console: ConsoleThe console module provides a simple debugging console that is similar to the
JavaScript console mechanism provided by web browsers.
The module exports two specific components:

A Console class with methods such as console.log(), console.error() and console.warn() that can be used to write to any Node.js stream.
A global console instance configured to write to process.stdout and
process.stderr. The global console can be used without importing the node:console module.

Warning: The global console object's methods are neither consistently
synchronous like the browser APIs they resemble, nor are they consistently
asynchronous like all other Node.js streams. See the note on process I/O for
more information.
Example using the global console:
console.log('hello world');
// Prints: hello world, to stdout
console.log('hello %s', 'world');
// Prints: hello world, to stdout
console.error(new Error('Whoops, something bad happened'));
// Prints error message and stack trace to stderr:
//   Error: Whoops, something bad happened
//     at [eval]:5:15
//     at Script.runInThisContext (node:vm:132:18)
//     at Object.runInThisContext (node:vm:309:38)
//     at node:internal/process/execution:77:19
//     at [eval]-wrapper:6:22
//     at evalScript (node:internal/process/execution:76:60)
//     at node:internal/main/eval_string:23:3

const name = 'Will Robinson';
console.warn(`Danger ${name}! Danger!`);
// Prints: Danger Will Robinson! Danger!, to stderr

Example using the Console class:
const out = getStreamSomehow();
const err = getStreamSomehow();
const myConsole = new console.Console(out, err);

myConsole.log('hello world');
// Prints: hello world, to out
myConsole.log('hello %s', 'world');
// Prints: hello world, to out
myConsole.error(new Error('Whoops, something bad happened'));
// Prints: [Error: Whoops, something bad happened], to err

const name = 'Will Robinson';
myConsole.warn(`Danger ${name}! Danger!`);
// Prints: Danger Will Robinson! Danger!, to err
@seesourceconsole.Console.log(message?: any, ...optionalParams: any[]): void (+1 overload)Prints to stdout with newline. Multiple arguments can be passed, with the
first used as the primary message and all additional used as substitution
values similar to printf(3)
(the arguments are all passed to util.format()).
const count = 5;
console.log('count: %d', count);
// Prints: count: 5, to stdout
console.log('count:', count);
// Prints: count: 5, to stdout

See util.format() for more information.
@sincev0 .1.100log(const result: Result.Failure<string>result.error: stringerror); // "Something went wrong"
}

Early Return

A common pattern is to check for failure first and return early:

import { import ResultResult } from '@praha/byethrow';

const const handleUserLookup: (result: Result.Result<User, string>) => User | nullhandleUserLookup = (result: Result.Result<User, string>result: import ResultResult.type Result<T, E> = Result.Success<T> | Result.Failure<E>A union type representing either a success or a failure.
@typeParamT  - The type of the Success value.@typeParamE  - The type of the Failure value.@exampleimport { Result } from '@praha/byethrow';

const doSomething = (): Result.Result<number, string> => {
  return Math.random() > 0.5
    ? { type: 'Success', value: 10 }
    : { type: 'Failure', error: 'Oops' };
};
@categoryCore  TypesResult<type User = {
    id: number;
    name: string;
}
User, string>) => {
  if (import ResultResult.const isFailure: <string>(result: Result.Result<unknown, string>) => result is Result.Failure<string>Type guard to check if a
Result
is a
Failure
.
@function@typeParamE  - The type of the error value.@paramresult  - The Result to check.@returnstrue if the result is a Failure, otherwise false.@exampleimport { Result } from '@praha/byethrow';

const result: Result.Result<number, string> = { type: 'Failure', error: 'Something went wrong' };
if (Result.isFailure(result)) {
  console.error(result.error); // Safe access to error
}
@categoryType  GuardsisFailure(result: Result.Result<User, string>result)) {
    var console: ConsoleThe console module provides a simple debugging console that is similar to the
JavaScript console mechanism provided by web browsers.
The module exports two specific components:

A Console class with methods such as console.log(), console.error() and console.warn() that can be used to write to any Node.js stream.
A global console instance configured to write to process.stdout and
process.stderr. The global console can be used without importing the node:console module.

Warning: The global console object's methods are neither consistently
synchronous like the browser APIs they resemble, nor are they consistently
asynchronous like all other Node.js streams. See the note on process I/O for
more information.
Example using the global console:
console.log('hello world');
// Prints: hello world, to stdout
console.log('hello %s', 'world');
// Prints: hello world, to stdout
console.error(new Error('Whoops, something bad happened'));
// Prints error message and stack trace to stderr:
//   Error: Whoops, something bad happened
//     at [eval]:5:15
//     at Script.runInThisContext (node:vm:132:18)
//     at Object.runInThisContext (node:vm:309:38)
//     at node:internal/process/execution:77:19
//     at [eval]-wrapper:6:22
//     at evalScript (node:internal/process/execution:76:60)
//     at node:internal/main/eval_string:23:3

const name = 'Will Robinson';
console.warn(`Danger ${name}! Danger!`);
// Prints: Danger Will Robinson! Danger!, to stderr

Example using the Console class:
const out = getStreamSomehow();
const err = getStreamSomehow();
const myConsole = new console.Console(out, err);

myConsole.log('hello world');
// Prints: hello world, to out
myConsole.log('hello %s', 'world');
// Prints: hello world, to out
myConsole.error(new Error('Whoops, something bad happened'));
// Prints: [Error: Whoops, something bad happened], to err

const name = 'Will Robinson';
myConsole.warn(`Danger ${name}! Danger!`);
// Prints: Danger Will Robinson! Danger!, to err
@seesourceconsole.Console.error(message?: any, ...optionalParams: any[]): void (+1 overload)Prints to stderr with newline. Multiple arguments can be passed, with the
first used as the primary message and all additional used as substitution
values similar to printf(3)
(the arguments are all passed to util.format()).
const code = 5;
console.error('error #%d', code);
// Prints: error #5, to stderr
console.error('error', code);
// Prints: error 5, to stderr

If formatting elements (e.g. %d) are not found in the first string then
util.inspect() is called on each argument and the
resulting string values are concatenated. See util.format()
for more information.
@sincev0 .1.100error('Failed to find user:', result: Result.Failure<string>result.error: stringerror);
    return null;
  }

  // After the early return, TypeScript knows result is Success
  return result: Result.Success<User>result.value: Uservalue;
};

Checking if a Value is a Result with `isResult`

Sometimes you need to check if an arbitrary value is a Result. The isResult function helps with this:

import { import ResultResult } from '@praha/byethrow';

const const maybeResult: unknownmaybeResult: unknown = import ResultResult.const succeed: <42>(value: 42) => Result.Result<42, never> (+1 overload)succeed(42);

if (import ResultResult.const isResult: <unknown, unknown>(result: unknown) => result is Result.Result<unknown, unknown>Type guard to check if a value is a
Result
.
@function@typeParamT  - The type of the success value.@typeParamE  - The type of the error value.@paramresult  - The value to check.@returnstrue if the value is a Result, otherwise false.@exampleimport { Result } from '@praha/byethrow';

const value: unknown = { type: 'Success', value: 42 };
if (Result.isResult(value)) {
  // value is now typed as Result<unknown, unknown>
  console.log(value.type); // 'Success' or 'Failure'
}
@categoryType  GuardsisResult(const maybeResult: unknownmaybeResult)) {
  // TypeScript knows maybeResult is Result<unknown, unknown>
  if (import ResultResult.const isSuccess: <unknown>(result: Result.Result<unknown, unknown>) => result is Result.Success<unknown>Type guard to check if a
Result
is a
Success
.
@function@typeParamT  - The type of the success value.@paramresult  - The Result to check.@returnstrue if the result is a Success, otherwise false.@exampleimport { Result } from '@praha/byethrow';

const result: Result.Result<number, string> = { type: 'Success', value: 10 };
if (Result.isSuccess(result)) {
  console.log(result.value); // Safe access to value
}
@categoryType  GuardsisSuccess(const maybeResult: Result.Result<unknown, unknown>maybeResult)) {
    var console: ConsoleThe console module provides a simple debugging console that is similar to the
JavaScript console mechanism provided by web browsers.
The module exports two specific components:

A Console class with methods such as console.log(), console.error() and console.warn() that can be used to write to any Node.js stream.
A global console instance configured to write to process.stdout and
process.stderr. The global console can be used without importing the node:console module.

Warning: The global console object's methods are neither consistently
synchronous like the browser APIs they resemble, nor are they consistently
asynchronous like all other Node.js streams. See the note on process I/O for
more information.
Example using the global console:
console.log('hello world');
// Prints: hello world, to stdout
console.log('hello %s', 'world');
// Prints: hello world, to stdout
console.error(new Error('Whoops, something bad happened'));
// Prints error message and stack trace to stderr:
//   Error: Whoops, something bad happened
//     at [eval]:5:15
//     at Script.runInThisContext (node:vm:132:18)
//     at Object.runInThisContext (node:vm:309:38)
//     at node:internal/process/execution:77:19
//     at [eval]-wrapper:6:22
//     at evalScript (node:internal/process/execution:76:60)
//     at node:internal/main/eval_string:23:3

const name = 'Will Robinson';
console.warn(`Danger ${name}! Danger!`);
// Prints: Danger Will Robinson! Danger!, to stderr

Example using the Console class:
const out = getStreamSomehow();
const err = getStreamSomehow();
const myConsole = new console.Console(out, err);

myConsole.log('hello world');
// Prints: hello world, to out
myConsole.log('hello %s', 'world');
// Prints: hello world, to out
myConsole.error(new Error('Whoops, something bad happened'));
// Prints: [Error: Whoops, something bad happened], to err

const name = 'Will Robinson';
myConsole.warn(`Danger ${name}! Danger!`);
// Prints: Danger Will Robinson! Danger!, to err
@seesourceconsole.Console.log(message?: any, ...optionalParams: any[]): void (+1 overload)Prints to stdout with newline. Multiple arguments can be passed, with the
first used as the primary message and all additional used as substitution
values similar to printf(3)
(the arguments are all passed to util.format()).
const count = 5;
console.log('count: %d', count);
// Prints: count: 5, to stdout
console.log('count:', count);
// Prints: count: 5, to stdout

See util.format() for more information.
@sincev0 .1.100log(const maybeResult: Result.Success<unknown>maybeResult.value: unknownvalue);
  }
}

Generic Utilities

A common pattern is to write functions that accept various types and handle Results specially:

import { import ResultResult } from '@praha/byethrow';

const const stringify: (value: unknown) => stringstringify = (value: unknownvalue: unknown): string => {
  if (import ResultResult.const isResult: <unknown, unknown>(result: unknown) => result is Result.Result<unknown, unknown>Type guard to check if a value is a
Result
.
@function@typeParamT  - The type of the success value.@typeParamE  - The type of the error value.@paramresult  - The value to check.@returnstrue if the value is a Result, otherwise false.@exampleimport { Result } from '@praha/byethrow';

const value: unknown = { type: 'Success', value: 42 };
if (Result.isResult(value)) {
  // value is now typed as Result<unknown, unknown>
  console.log(value.type); // 'Success' or 'Failure'
}
@categoryType  GuardsisResult(value: unknownvalue)) {
    if (import ResultResult.const isSuccess: <unknown>(result: Result.Result<unknown, unknown>) => result is Result.Success<unknown>Type guard to check if a
Result
is a
Success
.
@function@typeParamT  - The type of the success value.@paramresult  - The Result to check.@returnstrue if the result is a Success, otherwise false.@exampleimport { Result } from '@praha/byethrow';

const result: Result.Result<number, string> = { type: 'Success', value: 10 };
if (Result.isSuccess(result)) {
  console.log(result.value); // Safe access to value
}
@categoryType  GuardsisSuccess(value: Result.Result<unknown, unknown>value)) {
      return `Success: ${var JSON: JSONAn intrinsic object that provides functions to convert JavaScript values to and from the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format.JSON.JSON.stringify(value: any, replacer?: (this: any, key: string, value: any) => any, space?: string | number): string (+1 overload)Converts a JavaScript value to a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) string.
@paramvalue  A JavaScript value, usually an object or array, to be converted.@paramreplacer  A function that transforms the results.@paramspace  Adds indentation, white space, and line break characters to the return-value JSON text to make it easier to read.@throws{TypeError} If a circular reference or a BigInt value is found.stringify(value: Result.Success<unknown>value.value: unknownvalue)}`;
    }
    return `Failure: ${var JSON: JSONAn intrinsic object that provides functions to convert JavaScript values to and from the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format.JSON.JSON.stringify(value: any, replacer?: (this: any, key: string, value: any) => any, space?: string | number): string (+1 overload)Converts a JavaScript value to a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) string.
@paramvalue  A JavaScript value, usually an object or array, to be converted.@paramreplacer  A function that transforms the results.@paramspace  Adds indentation, white space, and line break characters to the return-value JSON text to make it easier to read.@throws{TypeError} If a circular reference or a BigInt value is found.stringify(value: Result.Failure<unknown>value.error: unknownerror)}`;
  }
  return var JSON: JSONAn intrinsic object that provides functions to convert JavaScript values to and from the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format.JSON.JSON.stringify(value: any, replacer?: (this: any, key: string, value: any) => any, space?: string | number): string (+1 overload)Converts a JavaScript value to a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) string.
@paramvalue  A JavaScript value, usually an object or array, to be converted.@paramreplacer  A function that transforms the results.@paramspace  Adds indentation, white space, and line break characters to the return-value JSON text to make it easier to read.@throws{TypeError} If a circular reference or a BigInt value is found.stringify(value: unknownvalue);
};

References

Function	Purpose
isSuccess(result)	Check if result is Success
isFailure(result)	Check if result is Failure
isResult(value)	Check if value is a Result

#Checking Results

#Checking for Success with isSuccess

#Type Narrowing

#Checking for Failure with isFailure

#Early Return

#Checking if a Value is a Result with isResult

#Generic Utilities

#References